The Diriyah Biennale Foundation launched a new international architecture competition at the iconic Western Hajj Terminal that celebrates the architectural legacy of Muslim societies. The AlMusalla Prize reimagines future spaces of worship as modular, empowering, and transient. It not only pushes the paradigms on sustainable design and cutting-edge technology, but also emphasizes opportunities for dialogue and community building—reclaiming the true essence of a musalla space. The winning proposal by EAST Architecture Studio in collaboration with artist Rayyane Tabet and engineers AKT II features a structure inspired by regional weaving traditions and relies on waste materials derived from local date palm trees. The design consists of an open central courtyard and prayer spaces that form a structure that resembles a loom, addressing togetherness and proximity, which are core dimensions of prayer in Islam. This adaptable structure will be accessible to all visitors throughout the Biennale’s run.

© Mansor Alsofi, courtesy of the Diriyah Biennale Foundation

© Marco Cappelletti, courtesy of the Diriyah Biennale Foundation

© Marco Cappelletti, courtesy of the Diriyah Biennale Foundation

On Weaving, winner of the Diriyah Biennale Foundation’s inaugural AlMusalla Prize, reconciles the historic and contemporary, giving new life to the ancient architectural traditions of Islamic prayer.

© Marco Cappelletti, courtesy of the Diriyah Biennale Foundation

© Mansor Alsofi, courtesy of the Diriyah Biennale Foundation

© Mansor Alsofi, courtesy of the Diriyah Biennale Foundation

© Mansor Alsofi, courtesy of the Diriyah Biennale Foundation

It brings together the legacy of courtyard typologies in places of worship, the tradition of using date palm trees as a building material in Saudi Arabia, and the art of weaving, referencing ancient textile making techniques that are indigenous to the Gulf region.

© Mansor Alsofi, courtesy of the Diriyah Biennale Foundation

© Mansor Alsofi, courtesy of the Diriyah Biennale Foundation

© Mansor Alsofi, courtesy of the Diriyah Biennale Foundation

Set within the Western Hajj Terminal at King Abdulaziz International Airport in Jeddah, the gateway for pilgrims to Mecca and Medina, the design of the modular musalla – meaning a space for prayer – is an exemplary study in materiality, craft, contextuality and communality.

© Mansor Alsofi, courtesy of the Diriyah Biennale Foundation

© Marco Cappellett, courtesy of the Diriyah Biennale Foundation

© Marco Cappellett, courtesy of the Diriyah Biennale Foundation

© Marco Cappellett, courtesy of the Diriyah Biennale Foundation

© Mansor Alsofi, courtesy of the Diriyah Biennale Foundation

Created for the Islamic Arts Biennale in January 2025, the musalla is designed and engineered by EAST Architecture Studio in collaboration with international engineering firm AKT II, and Beirut and San Francisco-based artist Rayyane Tabet.

© Mansor Alsofi, courtesy of the Diriyah Biennale Foundation

© Mansor Alsofi, courtesy of the Diriyah Biennale Foundation

© Mansor Alsofi, courtesy of the Diriyah Biennale Foundation

Not shy in scale to the vast semi-conical vents of the Hajj Terminal’s roof above, designed by Skidmore, Owings & Merrill, the musalla’s grand, modular date palm structure pays homage to Saudi Arabia’s culture and climate. Date palm, one of the region’s most prevalent natural resources, usually a waste product, is here used in abundance – creating a truly carbon-negative structure.

© Mansor Alsofi, courtesy of the Diriyah Biennale Foundation

© Mansor Alsofi, courtesy of the Diriyah Biennale Foundation

© Mansor Alsofi, courtesy of the Diriyah Biennale Foundation

Drawing on regional craft and the tradition of weaving, the structure's open central courtyard and woven-like prayer spaces evoke a loom, while its facades weave together palm fronds and fibres. Gaps in the translucent facades conduct and diffuse the light.

© Mansor Alsofi, courtesy of the Diriyah Biennale Foundation

© Mansor Alsofi, courtesy of the Diriyah Biennale Foundation

© Mansor Alsofi, courtesy of the Diriyah Biennale Foundation

Set within a landscape grid inspired by the layout of palm-tree plantations, used for shade by local populations for millennia, the musalla is in dialogue with the wider desert environment.

© Mansor Alsofi, courtesy of the Diriyah Biennale Foundation

© Mansor Alsofi, courtesy of the Diriyah Biennale Foundation

Conversations continue back in the generous, communal central courtyard, whilst the prayer spaces – more contained – create a meditative atmosphere. Modular and multifunctional, the musalla, which can be dismantled and reassembled, will have a future life after the Biennale in Jeddah and beyond.